Valvole industriali secondo le norme API · ASME · DIN · EN

Valvole di sicurezza a pilota

Le valvole di sicurezza a pilota abbinano una valvola principale a un pilota esterno: il pilota rileva la pressione di linea e comanda la valvola principale, fornendo apertura piena alla pressione di taratura con blowdown breve mentre resta dinamicamente stagna al di sotto — così la pressione di esercizio può correre vicina a quella di taratura senza fruscio né perdita di fluido. La copertura tipica di classe va da DN25-DN200 (ingresso x uscita da 1" x 2" a 8" x 10") a ANSI Class 150-600 / PN16-PN100 in corpi WCB, CF8 o CF8M; la finestra di pressione di taratura è confermata rispetto alla portata richiesta e alla selezione del pilota alla richiesta di offerta. I piloti sono a pop o modulanti e selezionabili in campo; i tipi modulanti tollerano maggiore contropressione imposta. Attacchi flangiati (RF). L'architettura del piloto compra i margini: con area di cupola maggiore dell'area della seduta la valvola principale resta stagna fino al 5% della pressione di taratura (tenuta di seduta 98%) dove le valvole a molla già frusciano, i piloti a pop aprono a circa 1% di sovrapressione e si riassettano al 97% (regolabile all'85%, blowdown dal -3% al -15%), i piloti modulanti inseguono la domanda e raggiungono l'apertura piena al 110% del tarato, e contropressioni fino al 70% — eccezionalmente 95% — sono compensate con un dispositivo antiritorno. Il modo di guasto dominante è la linea di rilevamento del pilota: i fluidi con particelle o cristallizzanti tappano il suo foro di circa 10 mm (tenere la valvola su servizio pulito, attenti a coking e polimerizzazione), e una rampa rapida di avviamento può sbilanciare la cupola e simulare un'apertura. L'installazione mantiene la presa remota ad area equivalente 3/8 di pollice fino a 100 piedi senza valvola di intercettazione sulla linea di alimentazione, e la connessione di prova in campo consente prove funzionali in servizio. ASME VIII UG-126(b) richiede il pilota autoazionato e la valvola principale fail-open a piena capacità. La selezione dipende dal rapporto pressione di esercizio/taratura, dalla contropressione, dal fluido e dall'azione del pilota.

Fa parte della Valvole di sicurezza famiglia

Ultimo aggiornamento: 2026-11

Specifiche della famiglia

Pressure class / nominal rating designation ANSI Class 150-600 / PN16-PN100
Nominal valve connection size DN25-DN200 (1in x 2in - 8in x 10in inlet x outlet)
Valve body material WCB, CF8, CF8M
End connection types flange (RF)
Service temperature range -162 to 320°C
pilot type pop-action or modulating; field-selectable
design note main valve + external pilot; full-lift at set pressure with short blowdown
operating pressure ratio vs spring limit Spring-loaded valves struggle to close completely above roughly 90% of set pressure; the pilot-operated main valve closes with a dome area larger than the seat area so closing force exceeds opening force, letting system operating pressure run within 5% of set pressure without increased seat leakage - the standard choice for high operating-to-set ratios
pop action reseat and adjustable blowdown Pop-action pilot: opens at about 1% overpressure, closes at 97% of set pressure adjustable down to 85%, with blowdown adjustable between -3% and -15% above the API standard; modulated-closure pilots hold blowdown to max 7%
modulating vs pop pilot principle Pop-action fully empties the main-valve dome for snap full lift; in modulate action the dome is only partially emptied, with the extent of emptying determined by the inlet pressure, so the main valve modulates with the relief demand
modulating partial opening capacity control Modulating diaphragm-pilot execution: the valve opens further as process pressure rises and reaches full lift at 110% of set (High Gain option by 105%); the pilot is the nonflowing type - with the main valve relieving at steady pressure, no process fluid flows through the pilot
back pressure tolerance Pilot actuation is differential, so back-pressure tolerance is high: pilot-operated safety valves can consistently compensate 70% back pressure and in certain cases run at a 95% back-pressure ratio; operability stays unaffected up to 70% of set pressure provided a backflow preventer is used whenever back pressure can exceed inlet pressure
seat tightness high operating ratio Pilot-operated SRVs can achieve seat tightness up to 98% of set pressure for both the main valve and the pilot valve - the basis for running close to set pressure without simmer
posv definition A pilot-operated safety relief valve is a pressure relief valve in which the major relieving device (main valve) is combined with and controlled by a self-actuated auxiliary pressure relief valve called a pilot valve
asme ug 126b pilot requirements ASME Code Sec. VIII UG-126(b) permits pilot-operated pressure relief valves provided the pilot is self-actuated and the main valve opens automatically at not over set pressure and discharges full rated capacity even if some essential part of the pilot fails - the fail-open requirement
pilot blowdown short adjustment The pilot portion of some pilot-operated valves can be set at blowdowns as short as 2% - far tighter than direct-spring pop valves
sensing line blockage failure mode The pilot sensing (pressure-tap) line is the governing failure mode: media containing particles or prone to crystallization can plug the roughly ten-millimeter line, after which the safety valve can no longer perform its intended function; pilot-operated valves are supplied with filters and generally recommended for relatively clean service
dirty service limits Pilot-operated valves should not be employed in abrasive or dirty service, where coking, polymerization or corrosion of wetted pilot parts can occur, or where the lading fluid can freeze or condense at ambient temperature; for severe dirty service where interconnecting tubing can clog, a pilot-operated SRV might not be the best fit
rapid pressure ramp false lift During plant start-up with an extremely rapid system-pressure ramp rate, the dome area may not equalize with the same inlet pressure, resulting in insufficient closing force - a pilot-operated-specific false-lift mode
soft seal and temperature limits pilot Pilot soft seals (O-rings) bound the application envelope: at temperatures of 200 °C and above the safety valve manufacturer should be consulted
sensing line remote pickup sizing rules Installation rule for remote pressure pickup: piping must have the equivalent flow area of 3/8 in tubing for lengths up to 100 feet, longer runs require factory consultation; a block valve in the remote pilot supply line is not recommended and, if used, must be opened before pressurizing the main valve
field test connection in service A field test connection allows operators to functionally test the pilot-operated SRV while it remains in service - a maintenance advantage over direct spring valves that must be pulled for bench testing
oem maintenance resources posv toolbox OEM maintenance reference: the valve manufacturer publishes a dedicated maintenance toolbox for pilot-operated types 811 (pop action) and 821 (modulating) with repair guidance to the manufacturer quality standards
set pressure range example diaphragm pilot OEM example envelope (pilot-operated relief valve with diaphragm pilot): set pressure range 15 psig to 740 psig; reseat pressure defined as the supply pressure where the dome pressure increases to 75% of supply pressure - an industry-reference anchor, not a tenant supply claim
Source 1 — orifice area range effective orifice areas of 0.128 through 45.664 inches
Source 1 — inlet size range valve inlet sizes 1-inch through 8-inch
Source 1 — Set-pressure range set pressures from 15 to 3,705 psig (1 to 260 barg)
Source 1 — continuous temperature range Continuous service temperatures from -50°F to +450°F
Source 1 — nonflowing pilot principle with the non-flowing pilot provides highly reliable system overpressure protection
Source 1 — dirty service pilot design The pilot is a non-flowing design minimizing the entry of dirt and the accumulation of hydrates
Source 1 — pilot supply filtration Inline tubing external filter is also available
Source 1 — vertical pilot mounting Consistent set pressure and blowdown are assured compared to horizontally mounted pilots that are erratic
Source 1 — orifice nozzle replacement The orifice size may be changed by replacing a single component
Source 1 — external blowdown adjustment Adjustable blowdown is external, reducing time and cost-consuming expenditures of valve removal
Source 1 — replaceable soft seat With a replaceable soft seat, expensive parts and time-consuming lapping of metal seats are no longer necessary
Source 1 — asme capacity verification capacity is assured by an independent third party, the ASME National Board Laboratory in Columbus, Ohio
Source 1 — operating ratio capability The valve can be set within 5% of system operating pressure allowing the process to be maintained at close tolerance without valve leakage
Source 1 — typical applications for Gas Compressors, Pressure Vessels, Cold Box Storage, Meter Runs, Gas Plants, Pipelines, and Transmission Stations
Source 2 — low pressure vacuum protection provide safe, dependable, and accurate low pressure and/or vacuum protection
Source 2 — api2000 sealing Seals in accordance with API 2000 requirements for Pilot Operated Relief Valves
Source 2 — rated flow overpressure Rated flow at 10% overpressure provides the ability to operate closer to the tank MAWP, increasing the operating range of the process
Source 2 — seat action flexibility Flexibility in terms of film or o-ring seat and snap or modulating action allows product customization to specific application requirements
Source 2 — vacuum breaker variant The Model 1662A incorporates a vacuum breaker.
Source 2 — Nominal valve connection size Sizes: 2” through 12” (50-300mm)
Source 2 — pressure settings Pressure Settings: from 7.0* InWC to 15 psig
Source 2 — vacuum settings Vacuum Settings: 7.0 InWC to 12 psig
Source 2 — standard body materials Standard Body Materials: Carbon Steel (WCB/CS), Stainless Steel (CF8M/316), Aluminum (356)
Source 2 — supply media temperature range Supply Media Temperature Range: -320° F to 300° F
Source 2 — drilling classes 150# ANSI, PN10, PN16, JIS drilling classes available
Source 2 — pilot accessories Pilot exhaust piped to discharge header, Field test connection, Manual blow down, Conical film seat pallet, Remote sense pickup, Pilot supply filter
Source 3 — Nominal valve connection size Size 1/2” to 20”
Source 3 — Pressure Rating Pressure Rating 150# x 150# to 2500# x 300#
Source 3 — End connection types End Connection Flange End, Screwed End, Tri-Clover End
Source 3 — seat options Seat Metal Seat / Soft Seat
Source 3 — orifice standard Orifice As per API 520
Source 3 — blowdown and overpressure Blow Down <10% of Set Pressure, Over Pressure >10% of Set Pressure
Source 3 — Valve body material Material Carbon steel, Stainless steel, Duplex-SS, nickel-molybdenum alloy, Alloy-20, nickel-copper alloy
Source 3 — pilot sensing design Design - High Pressure, Semi- Nozzle/ Full- Nozzle, Piston Sensing Pilot
Source 3 — type options Type Conventional, Balanced Bellow, Balance Piston, Pilot Operated, PTFE Lined
Source 4 — seat design options Soft seat design: Provides repeatable bubble-tight performance before and after each relief cycle, Metal-to-metal seat design: Provides pilot valve performance in high temperature service
Source 4 — balanced design principle Balanced design: Lift unaffected by back pressure; no expensive and fragile bellows required to balance against high back pressure
Source 4 — full lift dot maop capability Full lift at set pressure: No overpressure required for full lift; allows D.O.T. installation to be set higher than Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) when pop action is used
Source 4 — replaceable seats and seals Replaceable soft seats and seals: All seats and seals are renewable easily and quickly; no expensive, time-consuming seat lapping required
Source 4 — api526 center to face dimensions API 526 direct spring center-to-face dimensions available for Series 200, 400, 500 and 800 pilots eliminating the need for piping modifications during upgrades
Source 4 — pop action cryogenic benefit Pop action available: No main valve throttling, which helps prevent freeze-ups in cryogenic or refrigerant type services
Source 4 — modulating action benefits Modulating action available: Significantly cut product loss per relief situation; reduce environmental pollution; avoid oversizing consequences; not as sensitive to inlet pressure losses as pop action

Note di ambito e fonti

back pressure capability tension Back-pressure capability tension: the page spec states superimposed back pressure up to ~50% of set, while OEM documents state 70% consistent compensation (LESER, 95% in certain cases; Crosby 70% with backflow preventer); the ~50% figure should be owner-reviewed against per-configuration OEM limits.
pilot closure figures Generic vendor pages describe pilot closure near 90% of set pressure; OEM pop-action figures are 97% (adjustable to 85%, blowdown -3% to -15%) - the OEM figures govern; generic-website numbers were excluded from this page.
set pressure envelope Emerson Series 400 shows a 15-740 psig (about 1-51 barg) set-pressure envelope, so the page 0.1-10 MPa range is a tenant selection, not an industry ceiling; temperature envelope (-162 to 320 °C) sits against soft-seal limits where the manufacturer must be consulted at 200 °C and above - quote per configuration.

Ordinazione e documentazione

Documenti

Chiedi con la richiesta il pacchetto di documentazione che ti serve — gli elementi tipici per questa esecuzione (certificati dei materiali, rapporti di prova secondo la norma di ispezione indicata, disegni dimensionali) vengono confermati e forniti con il preventivo.

Preventivo

Una richiesta pronta per il preventivo indica: dimensione nominale e classe di pressione, preferenza di materiali del corpo e della sede, collegamento finale, azionamento, e il fluido di servizio con la sua temperatura. I valori tipici di questa pagina sono gamme di riferimento; i valori vincolanti vengono confermati in fase di preventivo.

Campione e fornitura

Condizioni di fornitura, quantità ordinate e tempi di consegna sono concordati per ordinativo — indica il paese di destinazione e il calendario richiesto con la richiesta.

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Conserva le valvole con sedi e tenute protette da UV, ozono e deformazione, mantieni le protezioni delle facce di tenuta fino all'installazione e, per le esecuzioni con sede in elastomero o PTFE, evita lo stoccaggio prolungato all'aperto — i composti delle sedi invecchiano più rapidamente al sole diretto e al gelo.

Domande frequenti

Cosa deve includere una richiesta di preventivo per valvole di sicurezza a pilota?

La norma e la classe applicabili, la dimensione nominale, i materiali di corpo e seduta, il fluido di servizio con la temperatura e la destinazione — ciò che manca è confermato durante il preventivo.

Quali dimensione e classe di pressione sono disponibili in valvole di sicurezza a pilota?

Un intervallo verificato di dimensione e classe di pressione per questa valvola non è ancora pubblicato su questa pagina — il dimensione e classe di pressione applicabile al vostro servizio è proposto e confermato in fase di preventivo. Inviate le condizioni di servizio con la richiesta e la selezione è indicata nell'offerta.

Quali materiale del corpo sono disponibili in valvole di sicurezza a pilota?

Un intervallo verificato di materiale del corpo per questa valvola non è ancora pubblicato su questa pagina — il materiale del corpo applicabile al vostro servizio è proposto e confermato in fase di preventivo. Inviate le condizioni di servizio con la richiesta e la selezione è indicata nell'offerta.

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